Que and Other Relative Pronouns of Spanish

Que and Other Relative Pronouns of Spanish Relative pronouns will be pronouns that are utilized to present a proviso that gives more data about a thing. Along these lines in the expression the man who is singing, the relative pronoun is who; the proviso who is singing gives additional data about the thing man. In the Spanish proportional, el hombre que canta, the relative pronoun is que. Que Tops List of Spanish Relative Pronouns Regular relative pronouns in English incorporate that, which, who, whom and whose (in spite of the fact that these words additionally have different employments). In Spanish, by a long shot the most widely recognized relative pronoun is que. As can be found in the accompanying sentences, it ordinarily implies that, which or who. Los libros que child importantes en nuestra vida child tasks aquellos que nos hacen ser mejores, que nos enseã ±an a superarnos. (The books that are significant in our lives are each one of those that cause us to be better, which instruct us to improve ourselves.)Comprà © el coche en que à ­bamos. (I purchased the vehicle where we rode.)El politeã ­0smo es la creencia de que feed muchos dioses. (Polytheism is the conviction that there are numerous gods.Mi hermano es el hombre que saliã ³. (My sibling is the man who left.) Now and again, que isnt interpreted as a relative pronoun in English in light of the fact that the two dialects structure the sentence in an unexpected way: Necesitamos la firma de la persona que ayuda al paciente. (We need the name of the individual helping the patient.)No conozco a la niã ±a que duerme en la cama. (I dont realize the young lady resting in the bed.) Other Relative Pronouns On the off chance that youre a starting Spanish understudy, you likely wont need to utilize the other relative pronouns of Spanish, however you positively will run over them recorded as a hard copy and discourse. Here they are with instances of their utilization: quien, quienes - who, whom - A typical error by English speakers is to utilize quien when que ought to be utilized. Quien is most generally utilized after a relational word, as in the main model underneath. It can likewise be utilized in what grammarians call a nonrestrictive statement, one isolated by commas from the thing it depicts, as in the subsequent model. In that subsequent model, que additionally could be utilized rather than quien. Es el mã ©dico de quien le dije. (He is the specialist whom I let you know about.)Conozco a Sofã ­a, quien tiene dos coches. (I know Sophia, who has two vehicles.) el cual, la cual, lo cual, los cuales, las cuales - which, who, whom - This pronoun expression must match the thing it alludes to in both number and sex. It is utilized in formal composing more regularly than in discourse. Rebeca es la mujer con la cual vas a viajar. (Rebeca is the lady with whom you are going to travel.)Conozca los principales riesgos a los cuales se enfrentan las organizaciones en la period advanced. (Know the primary dangers which associations are looking in the computerized age.) el que, la que, lo que, los que, las que - which, who, whom - This pronoun expression must match the thing it alludes to in both number and sexual orientation. It is regularly tradable with el cual yet is fairly increasingly casual in use. Rebeca es la mujer con la que vas a viajar. (Rebeca is the lady with whom you are going to travel.)Hay un restaurante en los que los meseros child robots. (There is a café in which the servers are robots.) cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas - whose - This pronoun capacities something like a descriptive word and should coordinate the thing it adjusts in both number and sexual orientation. It is utilized more recorded as a hard copy than in discourse. It typically isnt utilized in questions, where de quiã ©n is utilized rather, as in  ¿De quiã ©n es esta computadora? for Whose PC is this? Es la profesora cuyo hijo tiene el coche. (She is the educator whose child has the car.)El infection se autodistribuye a los contactos del usuario cuya computadora ha sido infectada. (The infection spreads itself to the contacts of the client whose PC has been contaminated.) donde - where - The Spanish and English words as relative pronouns are utilized similarly. Voy al mercado donde se venden manzanas. (Im heading off to the market where apples are sold.)En la ciudad donde nosotros vivimos existen muchas iglesias. (There are numerous holy places in the city where we live.)

Free Essays on The Massacre Of The Innocents

â€Å"The Massacre of the Innocents†, an oil on canvas painting by Pacecco de Rosa during the 1600s, delineates a scene from the Bible wherein we see the second when officers were conveyed by King Herod to kill each youngster in the district to end the bits of gossip about a kid forecasted to manage the realm. The child whom he was searching for was in all honesty Jesus Christ. What's more, upon cautious perception, one can see that among the entirety of the bedlam happening in this artwork, there is one mother and youngster who don't appear to be scared like the others, so one may reason this is Mary and her child, Jesus. Notwithstanding, this couple is really Mary’s cousin, Elizabeth, and her child, John the Baptist. Their quality in the artistic creation is significant, in light of the fact that they are the two primary subjects, yet, amusingly, they, from the outset, are the least observable. Their shading is the least powerful contrasted with different figures, and they are found more remote back in space than a large portion of the figures also. One may state they are the quiet in the focal point of the tempest, since we see that neither of them is being assaulted, nor do they appear to be terrified or worried in at any rate. This is because of the way that de Rosa needed to be consistent with the story, which expressed that Elizabeth and John the Baptist were spared from this slaughter. The work of art is roughly six feet tall by ten feet wide. In light of this, we see that each figure is about existence size, if not marginally bigger. De Rosa painted with oils on canvas, utilizing each medium to further its best potential benefit. For example, we see his brush strokes are shifted starting with one territory of the canvas then onto the next. In certain spots, he utilizes incredible detail with each stroke appearing to be exact and determined, similar to the small tear drops tumbling from the women’s faces, or the moment hairs on the men’s arms; be that as it may, in different territories, his strokes are all the more free and gesturer with huge, substantial brush strokes. This procedure was utilized in portraying things like the folds in ... Free Essays on The Massacre Of The Innocents Free Essays on The Massacre Of The Innocents â€Å"The Massacre of the Innocents†, an oil on canvas painting by Pacecco de Rosa during the 1600s, portrays a scene from the Bible wherein we see the second when fighters were conveyed by King Herod to kill each kid in the area to end the gossipy tidbits about a youngster forecasted to lead the realm. The infant whom he was searching for was as a matter of fact Jesus Christ. What's more, upon cautious perception, one can see that among the entirety of the tumult happening in this composition, there is one mother and youngster who don't appear to be scared like the others, so one may infer this is Mary and her child, Jesus. Notwithstanding, this couple is really Mary’s cousin, Elizabeth, and her child, John the Baptist. Their quality in the work of art is significant, on the grounds that they are the two fundamental subjects, yet, amusingly, they, from the start, are the least observable. Their shading is the least unique contrasted with different figures, and they are found more distant back in space than a large portion of the figures too. One may state they are the quiet in the focal point of the tempest, since we see that neither of them is being assaulted, nor do they appear to be terrified or worried in any case. This is because of the way that de Rosa needed to be consistent with the story, which expressed that Elizabeth and John the Baptist were spared from this slaughter. The work of art is roughly six feet tall by ten feet wide. In view of this, we see that each figure is about existence size, if not marginally bigger. De Rosa painted with oils on canvas, utilizing each medium to further its best potential benefit. For example, we see his brush strokes are fluctuated starting with one territory of the canvas then onto the next. In certain spots, he utilizes extraordinary detail with each stroke appearing to be exact and determined, similar to the small tear drops tumbling from the women’s faces, or the moment hairs on the men’s arms; notwithstanding, in different zones, his strokes are all the more free and gesturer with enormous, substantial brush strokes. This procedure was utilized in depicting things like the folds in ...

How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions

How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions? How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions?Cash advances let you use your credit card to take out paper moneyâ€"which can be handyâ€"but the extra costs for doing so are going to add up fast.Credit cards can be a great tool to help people earn rewards, manage their monthly cash flow, and maintain their credit score. However, they can also be a really great way for people to spend far beyond their means, rack up excess debt, and send their credit score plummeting. It all depends on how you use them!Credit cards can also be used to take out paper money using a cash advance. And while the differences between a cash advance and a regular credit card transaction might seem pretty straightforward, it’s actually a bit more complicated than thatâ€"and a great deal more costly. Here’s how credit cards work.Credit cards work much like a traditional line of credit (LOC). Instead of taking out a set sum of money, as you would with a personal loan, a LOC gives you a set amount of money that you can borrow up to and then lets you withdraw funds at your own discretion. You are only charged interest on the funds that you actually withdraw.With credit cards, the terminology works like this: The total amount you can borrow is referred to as your credit limit and the amount you’ve withdrawn is referred to as your outstanding balance. Every time you use the card to make a purchase, funds are added to that outstanding balance up to the total credit limit.Credit cards have a “revolving” balance, which is an important distinction from some other LOC products. A revolving balance means that the amount you can borrow against your credit limit replenishes every time you make a payment.For example: If you borrow $1,000 on a credit card with a $3,000 limit, you then have $2,000 left that you could borrow in the future. But if you pay that $1,000 off, you would then have the full $3,000 left available to you for future use.Cash advances have a separate credit limit.When you make a purchase on your credit card, not physical money changes hands. The merchant receives the funds for your transaction electronically, and that same amount is then added onto your card’s outstanding balance.But if you absolutely need paper money, you can use your card to get cash. All you need to do is go to an ATM and use your card to make a withdrawal. While some credit cards might not have cash advance features, they are very common.However, if you’re looking to borrow a lot of cash using a cash advance, you might run into trouble. Cards that have cash advance features have a separate, lower credit limit for how much you can withdraw in cash.While these credit limits vary from card to card (and user to user), they’re often set as a percentage of your total credit limit. The higher your total limit, the more cash you can withdraw. As credit limits are oftentimes related to your credit score, bad credit borrowers might find themselves at a disadvant age.Cash advances are way more expensive.Then again, just because you can withdraw all that cash doesn’t mean you should. For one thing, you should refrain from spending beyond your limits on a credit card, regardless of whether you’re using cash or credit. Plus, the lower you keep your balances, the more it will help your score.But if you find yourself facing an unforeseen bill or emergency expense and absolutely need to put the charge on your card, you should opt for credit instead of cash. Why? Because credit card cash advances are much more expensive than regular transactions.To begin with, there are the interest rates: Cash advances almost always come with a separate, higher rate than regular transactions. Check your cardholder agreement to see what the cash advance APR is for your particular card.Second, most credit cards come with a one-month interest-free grace period for normal transactions. If you pay off the transaction within that period, you don’t have to pay any interest at all! With cash advances, on the other hand, there is no such grace period; interest will start accruing the second that transaction is added to your balance.Lastly, there are the fees. Not only do most cards charge you a cash advance fee purely for making the transactionâ€"oftentimes, it’s two to three percent of the amount withdrawnâ€"but you’ll very likely have to pay an ATM fee on top of that other charge.If you find yourself in the middle of a true cash-only emergency, a credit card cash advance can be useful. But otherwise, they’re much too expensive to be worth it.They’re still better than cash advance loans.While we don’t recommend credit card cash advances in any situation that doesn’t absolutely demand one, we also can’t deny that they are a far better option than short-term cash advance loans like payday loans or title loans.The high-interest rates for credit card cash advances aren’t great, but they are far preferable to the astronomical APRs f or payday cash advance loans, which average almost 400 percent. (Title loans, which put you at risk of losing your car or truck, have an average APR of 300 percent.)Due to their high rates,  their short terms, and their lump-sum repayment structure, no credit check loans such as these can be difficult for consumers to repay on time, which can lead them down the slippery slope towards a debt trap.If you are unable to use a credit card cash advance to cover a surprise bill and you need to take out a bad credit loan, you should look into possibly taking out an  installment loan that will provide you with more manageable payments.But the best method to protect your money in situations like this is to maintain a well-stocked emergency fund. That way, you won’t need to take out any loans or cash advances at all! To learn more about you can improve your long-term financial situation, check out   these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsF rom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneySave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions

How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions? How Are Cash Advances Different from Regular Credit Card Transactions?Cash advances let you use your credit card to take out paper moneyâ€"which can be handyâ€"but the extra costs for doing so are going to add up fast.Credit cards can be a great tool to help people earn rewards, manage their monthly cash flow, and maintain their credit score. However, they can also be a really great way for people to spend far beyond their means, rack up excess debt, and send their credit score plummeting. It all depends on how you use them!Credit cards can also be used to take out paper money using a cash advance. And while the differences between a cash advance and a regular credit card transaction might seem pretty straightforward, it’s actually a bit more complicated than thatâ€"and a great deal more costly. Here’s how credit cards work.Credit cards work much like a traditional line of credit (LOC). Instead of taking out a set sum of money, as you would with a personal loan, a LOC gives you a set amount of money that you can borrow up to and then lets you withdraw funds at your own discretion. You are only charged interest on the funds that you actually withdraw.With credit cards, the terminology works like this: The total amount you can borrow is referred to as your credit limit and the amount you’ve withdrawn is referred to as your outstanding balance. Every time you use the card to make a purchase, funds are added to that outstanding balance up to the total credit limit.Credit cards have a “revolving” balance, which is an important distinction from some other LOC products. A revolving balance means that the amount you can borrow against your credit limit replenishes every time you make a payment.For example: If you borrow $1,000 on a credit card with a $3,000 limit, you then have $2,000 left that you could borrow in the future. But if you pay that $1,000 off, you would then have the full $3,000 left available to you for future use.Cash advances have a separate credit limit.When you make a purchase on your credit card, not physical money changes hands. The merchant receives the funds for your transaction electronically, and that same amount is then added onto your card’s outstanding balance.But if you absolutely need paper money, you can use your card to get cash. All you need to do is go to an ATM and use your card to make a withdrawal. While some credit cards might not have cash advance features, they are very common.However, if you’re looking to borrow a lot of cash using a cash advance, you might run into trouble. Cards that have cash advance features have a separate, lower credit limit for how much you can withdraw in cash.While these credit limits vary from card to card (and user to user), they’re often set as a percentage of your total credit limit. The higher your total limit, the more cash you can withdraw. As credit limits are oftentimes related to your credit score, bad credit borrowers might find themselves at a disadvant age.Cash advances are way more expensive.Then again, just because you can withdraw all that cash doesn’t mean you should. For one thing, you should refrain from spending beyond your limits on a credit card, regardless of whether you’re using cash or credit. Plus, the lower you keep your balances, the more it will help your score.But if you find yourself facing an unforeseen bill or emergency expense and absolutely need to put the charge on your card, you should opt for credit instead of cash. Why? Because credit card cash advances are much more expensive than regular transactions.To begin with, there are the interest rates: Cash advances almost always come with a separate, higher rate than regular transactions. Check your cardholder agreement to see what the cash advance APR is for your particular card.Second, most credit cards come with a one-month interest-free grace period for normal transactions. If you pay off the transaction within that period, you don’t have to pay any interest at all! With cash advances, on the other hand, there is no such grace period; interest will start accruing the second that transaction is added to your balance.Lastly, there are the fees. Not only do most cards charge you a cash advance fee purely for making the transactionâ€"oftentimes, it’s two to three percent of the amount withdrawnâ€"but you’ll very likely have to pay an ATM fee on top of that other charge.If you find yourself in the middle of a true cash-only emergency, a credit card cash advance can be useful. But otherwise, they’re much too expensive to be worth it.They’re still better than cash advance loans.While we don’t recommend credit card cash advances in any situation that doesn’t absolutely demand one, we also can’t deny that they are a far better option than short-term cash advance loans like payday loans or title loans.The high-interest rates for credit card cash advances aren’t great, but they are far preferable to the astronomical APRs f or payday cash advance loans, which average almost 400 percent. (Title loans, which put you at risk of losing your car or truck, have an average APR of 300 percent.)Due to their high rates,  their short terms, and their lump-sum repayment structure, no credit check loans such as these can be difficult for consumers to repay on time, which can lead them down the slippery slope towards a debt trap.If you are unable to use a credit card cash advance to cover a surprise bill and you need to take out a bad credit loan, you should look into possibly taking out an  installment loan that will provide you with more manageable payments.But the best method to protect your money in situations like this is to maintain a well-stocked emergency fund. That way, you won’t need to take out any loans or cash advances at all! To learn more about you can improve your long-term financial situation, check out   these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsF rom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneySave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Lactation Business Plan - 3249 Words

* Private Practice Lactation Consultant Business Plan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Executive summary Breastfeeding is not only a lifestyle choice but also an important health care choice. Any amount of time that a mother can do it will help both her and the baby. Many benefits of breast milk are noted for mothers, babies, and others. Breast milk has disease-fighting cells called antibodies that help protect infants from germs, illness, and even SIDS. Infant formula cannot match the perfect chemical composition of human milk, specifically the cells, hormones, and antibodies that fight disease. The private practice of lactation consultants has†¦show more content†¦There is not a need for any other staffing for the practice. The individual consultant will run the practice independently. Funding for the practice will come from the consultant’s personal accounts and grants obtained for initial startup then funding will come from the revenue and reimbursements. Funding will be needed for supplies, and initial operating cost. Private insurances and co-pays will cov er reimbursement and private paying clients unless financial hardship is determined. If financial hardship is determined, then the case will be charity case and grant funds used for this purpose. * Mission Statement * The Private Practice of Lactation Consultants is to provide expert clinical breastfeeding services to mothers and children, regardless of income, and to provide healthcare professionals with evidence-based breastfeeding information and supervised clinical opportunities. Population Demographics Demographics for this private lactation consulting practice include breastfeeding mothers in need of support. The population ages can be of any woman of childbearing age. According to the Department of Human and Health Services, there is no statistical data for Hamilton County, Florida. In 2005, the state of Florida had 70.6% children have been breastfed; 36.8% were breastfed through six months of age;Show MoreRelatedLactation Business Plan Essay3266 Words   |  14 Pages* Private Practice Lactation Consultant Business Plan Stephanie Roberts * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Executive summary Breastfeeding is not only a lifestyle choice but also an important health care choice. Any amount of time that a mother can do it will help both her and the baby. Many benefits of breast milk are noted for mothers, babies, and others. Breast milk has disease-fighting cells called antibodiesRead MoreAssignment On Breastfeeding Working Mothers1243 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Breastfeeding Working Mothers 1LT Jacy P. Correll OBGYN Nursing Specialty Course The employed mother in the United States makes up a significant portion of America’s work force and is an important contributor to a successful business and the economy. The CDC reports that working mothers make up 70% of the workforce but only 10% of mothers nationally successfully breastfeed to 6 months of age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d). Due to the increasing demandsRead MoreAcuity Insurance At The United States1420 Words   |  6 Pagesremunerates endeavors that go well beyond desires! †¢ Lunch with an Officer: At regular intervals, representatives are welcome to eat with an officer. This lunch normally incorporates 10-15 representatives and an officer of an alternate range of the business. When a representative has been with the organization for around two years, he or she will have had the chance to eat with every officer of the official group. In these snacks, representatives are welcome to give criticism or recommendations or essentiallyRead MorePat Family Centered Care6395 Words   |  26 Pagesvariety relating to weight loss and cardiovascular health. Support groups available range from supporting those who have had suffered a loss or family member diagnosed with cancer or who has had a stroke. We also strive to help new parents with lactation and Lamaze classes, as well as parenting classes, infant CPR, and a neonatal support group. The Center for Family Beginnings.is one that provides comprehensive care for women and infants in a family focus environment. Wellington offers and 18-bedRead MoreFeasibility Study in Cookies with Malunggay2971 Words   |  12 Pagesso it would be easy to inspect, control and manage the production area. It is the best location for the production of the proponent’s product, the â€Å"YUY’S Nutrified-Cookies with Malunggay†. (See figure 3 for the vicinity map of the location of the business.) Product Description and Specification Nutrified Cookies are a product that comes out with the healthy ingredients. It is an innovation of ordinary cookies made of flour, sugar, water and other ingredients for making cookies. Ingredients of innovatedRead MoreBenefits And Disadvantages Of Organization Wellness Programs Essay2206 Words   |  9 Pagesof obligation to the employer. Employees who participate in wellness programs are more satisfied with their jobs and work towards the attainment of organizational objectives. Organization wellness programs help to reduce employee’s stress in the business. Stress is a serious issue in organizations because it leads to a decline in organizational effectiveness. Stress has been linked with particular symptoms of physical health and diseases such as heart disease, migraines, abscesses and depressionRead MoreTeam Paper - Aflac3130 Words   |  13 Pagesgrow and expand worldwide, Aflac has expressed the importance to recruit and retain the top talent they receive. With a bold idea such as this, Human Resource Departments have a difficult job to hire top talent employees and ensure turnover is low. Business Week rated Aflac 21st in best places to work in 2009, calling on their promoted educational benefits, unlimited tuition reimbursement and their willingness to provide entry level positions to newly graduated individuals (â€Å"Aflac Supplemental Insurance†Read MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Healthcare Management2183 Words   |  9 Pages2002) . These factors of e-health services play such a huge role in today’s healthcare industry, giving customers of health a sense of independence with their medical information in which a patient will not be able to access after office or normal business hours. Technology in the healthcare industry in the long run does bring many benefits and yet still has its downfalls. In this paper I write about the technological advancement as internet applications is used to enhance healthcare management proceduresRead MoreHistory Of Macy s A Company2857 Words   |  12 Pages$2,800 a figure that was approximately 3 percent of total sales† (Grippo). This was a huge deal because most companies only spent about 1 percent of their total sales on advertising and did not make as much money especially in their first year of business. Macy’s also was the first store to have catalogs with all the items his store offered listed. In addition Rowland Macy developed the â€Å"odd pricing† strategy where, â€Å" Almost all items were listed at one to three cents below the dollar, implying savingsRead MoreBreastfeeding in Public3281 Words   |  14 Pagesdetermined if it is a women’s right to breastfeed her child anywhere she deems suitable. According to the medical dictionary, breastfeeding is defined as feeding a child human breast milk (eMedicineHealth.com). A lactating mother produces this milk. Lactation is the process of producing milk. Human milk is secreted by the mammary glands, which are located within the fatty tissue of the breast (eMedicineHealth.com). Mothers unable to produce adequate amounts of breast milk are in the minority. Most women

Mapp v. Ohio A Milestone Ruling Against Illegally Obtained Evidence

The case of Mapp v. Ohio, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court on June 19, 1961, strengthened the Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures by making it illegal for evidence obtained by law enforcement without a valid warrant to be used in criminal trials in both federal and state courts. The 6-3 decision was one of several handed down by the Supreme Court during the 1960s under Chief Justice Earl Warren that significantly enhanced the constitutional rights of criminal defendants. Fast Facts: Mapp v. Ohio Case Argued: March 29, 1961Decision Issued:  June 19, 1961Petitioner:  Dollree MappRespondent:  State of OhioKey Questions: Is â€Å"obscene† material protected by the First Amendment, and if such material is obtained by means of an illegal search can it be used as evidence in court?Majority Decision: Justices Warren, Black, Douglas, Clark, Brennan, and StewartDissenting: Justices Frankfurter, Harlan, and WhittakerRuling:  The First Amendment issue was deemed irrelevant, however the court ruled that any evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Fourth Amendment is inadmissible in a state court.   Prior to Mapp v. Ohio, the Fourth Amendment’s ban against the use of illegally gathered evidence applied only to criminal cases tried in the federal courts.  To extend the protection to the state courts, the Supreme Court relied on a well-established legal doctrine known as â€Å"selective incorporation,† which holds that the due process of law clause of the Fourteenth Amendment bans the states from enacting laws that might infringe on the rights of American citizens. The Case Behind Mapp v. Ohio On May 23, 1957, Cleveland police wanted to search the home of Dollree Mapp, who they believed might be harboring a bombing suspect along with possibly having some illegal betting equipment. When they first came to her door, Mapp did not allow the police to enter stating that they did not have a warrant. A few hours later, the police returned and forced their way into the house. They claimed to have a valid search warrant, but they did not allow Mapp to inspect it. When she grabbed the warrant anyway, they handcuffed her. While they did not find the suspect or the equipment, they did find a trunk containing pornographic materials which violated Ohio law at the time. At the original trial, the court found Mapp guilty and sentenced her to jail despite no evidence of a legal search warrant being presented. Mapp appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court and lost. She then took her case to the U.S. Supreme Court and appealed, arguing that the case was essentially a violation of her First Amendme nt right to freedom of expression. The Supreme Court Decision (1961) The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren ended up siding with Mapp in a 6–3 vote. However, they chose to ignore the question of whether a law against the possession of obscene material violated her right to freedom of expression as explained in the First Amendment. Instead, they focused on the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. In 1914, the Supreme Court had ruled in Weeks v. United States  (1914) that illegally obtained evidence could not be used in federal courts. However, the question remained whether this would be extended to state courts. The question was whether Ohio law failed to provide Mapp with her Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Court decided that ...all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by [the Fourth Amendment], inadmissible in a state court. Mapp v. Ohio: Exclusionary Rule and Fruit of the Poisonous Tree The Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule and fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine articulated in  Weeks  and  Silverthorne  to the states in  Mapp v. Ohio  in 1961. It did so by virtue of the  incorporation doctrine. As Justice Tom C. Clark wrote:   Since the Fourth Amendments right of privacy has been declared enforceable against the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, it is enforceable against them by the same sanction of exclusion as is used against the Federal Government. Were it otherwise, then, just as without the Weeks rule the assurance against unreasonable federal searches and seizures would be a form of words, valueless and undeserving of mention in a perpetual charter of inestimable human liberties, so too, without that rule, the freedom from state invasions of privacy would be so ephemeral and so neatly severed from its conceptual nexus with the freedom from all brutish means of coercing evidence as not to merit this Courts high regard as a freedom implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. Today, the exclusionary rule and fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine are regarded as basic principles of constitutional law, applicable in all U.S. states and territories. Significance of Mapp v. Ohio The Supreme Court decision in Mapp v. Ohio was quite controversial. The requirement for ensuring that evidence was legally obtained was placed on the court. This decision would open up the court to a number of difficult cases concerning how to apply the exclusionary rule. Two major Supreme Court decisions have made exceptions to the rule created in Mapp. In 1984, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger created the inevitable discovery rule in Nix v. Williams. This rule states that if there is a piece of evidence that would have eventually been discovered through legal means, then it is admissible in a court of law. In 1984, the Burger Court created the good faith exception in U.S. v. Leon. This exception allows evidence to be allowed if a police officer believes that his or her search is, in fact, legal. Thus, the court needs to decide if they acted in good faith. The court has decided this for instances where there were problems with the search warrant that the officer was not aware of. Was Boxing Behind It?: Background on Dollree Mapp Previous to this court case, Mapp had sued boxing champion Archie Moore for breach of promise for not marrying her. Don King, the future fight promoter for such boxing stars as Muhammad Ali, Larry Holmes, George Foreman, and Mike Tyson, was the target of the bombing and gave the police the name Virgil Ogletree as the possible bomber. That led the police to Dollree Mapps home, where they believed the suspect was hiding. In 1970, 13 years after the illegal search that culminated in  Mapp v. Ohio, Mapp was convicted of having in her possession $250,000 worth of stolen goods and drugs. She was sent to prison until 1981. Updated by Robert Longley

Compare and Contrast Policies - 2495 Words

Policy Analysis III-Compare and Contrast The Crime Control Model and Due Process Model is a representation of two systems that are completely different from one another and are in competition with one another to be a priority in the functioning of the criminal justice process (Neubauer, 2001, p 12). â€Å"The Due Process Model† proceeds from the premise that protecting the rights of the individual is most important, whereas in the Crime Control Model† holds that reducing crime is the key value.† (Neubauer, 2001, 12) When comparing the two control models their opinions differ completely in reference to the causes of crime. Additionally when comparing crime control and due process models one need to remember, â€Å"Proponents of both models embrace†¦show more content†¦(Neubauer, 2001) Crime Control Model The Crime Control Model, the repression of the criminal conduct is by far the most important function to be performed by the criminal process, which refers back to protecting privacy while maintaining public safety. (Neubauer, 2001, p 13) As well often the crime control model is perceived as negative because the model assumes the person charged of the alleged crime is guilty before entering the courtroom and supports law enforcement and prosecutors extensively (Neubauer, 2001, p 13). Differences Differences between the models include the fact the Crime Control Model is based upon factual guilt and the Due Process Model is based upon legal guilt. (Gioson, 2005) (Neubauer, 2001, p 14) Also due process is based on â€Å"equal treatment† because the model has errors, which cause for an invalid conviction. Also the Crime Control Model strongly contradicts the view, which sometimes hinders a person’s rights within the system. (Neubauer, 2001) An analogy often used to describe the Crime Control Model is the â€Å"conveyer belt† because the model moves the alleged Criminal through the system with the forethought that everyone is guilty until proven otherwise. (Gioson, 2005) (Neubauer, 2001, p 13) As well theShow MoreRelatedCompare and contrast the internal policies of Mussolini and Stalin.1271 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast the internal policies of Mussolini and Stalin. Mussolini and Stalin were two of the most significant dictators of the 20th century. Both aimed to establish a totalitarian system but their different characters and circumstances in their respective countries resulted in two very different approaches in obtaining their goals. At the beginning of Mussolini s era, Mussolini was supported by the Liberals in parliament. With their help he introduced strict censorship and alteredRead MorePolicy Analysis Iii- Compare and Contrast Paper809 Words   |  4 PagesPolicy Analysis III- Compare and Contrast Paper Brandy Alston University of Phoenix Criminal Justice Management Theory and Practice CJA/464 Professor Leroy Hendrix October 10, 2013 Policy Analysis III- Compare and Contrast Paper The reason for policy analysis reflects around the assessment of policies from the government by critiquing the failures and successes. The United States implement several policies to deal with criminal activity and social issues, for instanceRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Economic Policies of Stalin and Mao.941 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the economic policies of Stalin and Mao. In Russia and China, both Stalin and Mao emerged as almost god-like leaders despite making their respective countries endure harsh programs of reform all economically, politically and socially. 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Everything in the state, nothing outsideRead MoreCompare and Contrast Sustainable Education Policy in Kenya and Brazil2184 Words   |  9 PagesCompare and Contrast Sustainable Education Policy In Kenya and Brazil â€Å"Integration of sustainable development to higher education: Innovative practices between federal universities and Bank of Brazil with impact over associative and cooperative production† By Paulo Speller amp; Antonio Augusto dos Santos Soares â€Å"Education for sustainability in† By Dorcas B. Otieno Kenya Organization of Environmental Education (KOEE) (All of the quotations in this essay are from these two papers.) 1 Goals amp;Read MoreCompare and contrast the economic policies of Lenin and Stalin and evaluate their success.1782 Words   |  8 PagesCompare and contrast the economic policies of Lenin and Stalin and evaluate their success. Comparing Lenin and Stalin one finds that both were following a communist ideal but what is the communist ideal? 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Huge multi-ethnic and multi-religious society of these countries, which make them culturally diverse, has resulted in increased and strong bilateralRead MoreCompare and Contrast United States Foreign Policy After the First World War and After the Second World War. Consider the Periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950.1973 Words   |  8 Pages 4/1/10 Compare and Contrast United States foreign policy after the First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950. United States foreign policy has always been characterized by a commitment to free trade, protection of American interests, and a concern for human rights. Our founding fathers, specifically George Washington, are responsible for much of the influence regarding foreign policy after their time period and up toRead MoreEssay on Htm 250 Wk 8 Assignment 2 Choosing a Distributor643 Words   |  3 Pages(1) competitive distribution company and compare and contrast five (5) similar products (offered by both firms) in the areas of price, quality, and value. Create a table to represent the data. 3. Provide an overview of this company’s payment policy including: a. the objective of payment policy b. the costs of paying early c. the costs of late payment d. the mechanics of bill paying e. discounting 4. Compare and contrast the distributor’s payment policy with at least two (2) competitive distributionRead MoreWriting and Compare-and-contrast Essays1384 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast This type of writing assignment is common. On a standardized test, you may be asked to analyze literature, evaluate ideas, or make a judgment and explain your reasons. In responding to these types of prompts, you often will compare and contrast characters, concepts, or choices. You will be asked to identify similarities and differences, which are the key to compare-and-contrast essays. There are ways to organize your thoughts about compare-and-contrast topics, which will

Determining Causes and Effects of Lake Huron Pollution free essay sample

Causes and Effects of Lake Huron Brian Jones Weber English Composition 5/19/2013 In today’s Ecosystem there are so many factors of cause and effect of pollution in any areas of the world. Pollutants affect the air that keeps us breathing, the animals that we hunt or fish, and even the water that we drink. Food, water, and oxygen are the most important things we need in order to survive a world full of life. With this being said Lake Huron and the other Great Lakes are being extremely polluted and causing wildlife die, water ruined, all the way down to certain points of the Lake being closed because of the harmful effects it may bring to us for those who enter those waters. All in all these great beautiful lakes we should cherish are being contaminated and ruined and this is an urgent matter that needs to be addressed before it gets too far out of our hands. The Great Lakes is our biggest fresh water system for the United States therefore for our children, and for our ecosystem we need to act fast! The main pollutants in the Lake Huron area would be classified as a Non-Point source pollutant. In other words, these pollutants are caused by natural effects but buy places from an unspecific location. These pollutants are usually from the air, or from pesticides and fertilizers. Both of these pollutants are incredibly horrible contaminants for animals, people, or water that can be consumed. Such Non-Source typed pollutants have been found: DDT, Chlordane, Dieldrin, Lindane, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorocyclohexane, Lead and Lead Compounds, Mercury and Mercury Compounds, PCB’s, TCDD, Toxaphene, Polycyclic Organic Matter, Nitrogen Compounds, and Cadmium Compounds (Michigan Department of Environmental Quality 1998). All of these toxic materials are actually found in America’s biggest source of fresh water that we drink and al are very deadly in consumed or contacted with and can contribute to neurological disorders, cancers, and even reproductive problems. October 31st, 2011 The Watchers) 25,000 bird’s dead from Botulism. (Bacterial Disease from soil. ) Another leading cause of these enormous lakes being affected would be Point Source pollutants such as sewage, pipes and vessels, pulp and paper or sources where we can track where it’s from. Many companies thought these would dissolve in water and be a non-affect to the waters and wildlife. Wrong ly so, fecal matter as well would be dumped into these lakes causing bacterial disease that could cause death and destruction. The bacteria that could and would grow from sewage would be E. coli and Enterococci (Liu et al 2006. Organic and inorganic wastes would also cause an effect and the water would still be affected with even more bacteria growing (Shear 2006). My last reason for the causes of this tragic issue would be Atmospheric Pollution. It is a Non-Point source of pollution, not from runoff, but from the sky. When water is passing through the Hydrologic Cycle, it comes down as rain or snow and then is evaporated into the air from water and the land. Acid Rain and smoke from smokestacks are some of the most common pollutants emitted into the air and passed onto waterways like lakes, rivers, and oceans from miles away. The combustion of Fossil Fuels, coal burning, incinerators, produce mercury into the air which is also very fatal to life and Phosphorus into waterways. There are so many pollutants in the environment that we are not noticing and taking into effect. We all must make the best decisions to keep these Lakes clean for us that love them, for the wild life that live in them, and more importantly for the future. Some of the effects of this pollution to the economy have been big especially for fisherman. In Lake Huron the Salmon Fishery has collapsed. According to the Journal Sentinel of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the ten busiest ports of Lake Huron received about 1. 2 million fishing hours a year recreational. Five years ago that number took a big hit and now is fished recreationally about 300,000 yearly (June 2008, Dan Egan). Salmon and other fish dying is killing the fishing industry in one of the world’s most popular destinations to fish. Another big time economic issue with this situation is tourism. Could you imagine flying to these Great Lakes from another part of the world and seeing the Lakes closed for security purposes for the public? Imagine spending hundreds of dollars to visit Lake Huron and the Great Lakes which make up over 20% of the world’s freshwater supply and you get there and it’s polluted and looks down right disgusting. I don’t know about you, but usually I get one vacation a year and I’d be very sick to my stomach if I wanted to see these beautiful lakes and I wasted the one moment all year that I had away from work. In 2010 1. 4 million tourists visited the area and spent over 116 million dollars (Tracy Rymph and Christine Vogt, 2012). That pocket change the area received is a huge boost to the economy and is vital to keep their area economically stable. The last big economic issue is the money it takes to clean Lake Huron and these other beaches up. Michigan has let go of 11 million dollars for dredging through the state funds and there’s still 6 billion in the national Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund. The 6 billion has been used by the government because it has been being used for other purposes of the budget (February 2013, Buchsbaum Andy National Wildlife Federation). There is millions of dollars being used in cleaning these beaches every year. If we can be more responsible, economically we can save money and use it to advertise for more tourists and make more money for the state of Michigan or even build better schools for the children that live here. Economically speaking, I have faith that we could save a lot more money if we all come together and stand up and do what we can to stop pollution to this amazing place. The affects it has on the people that live there would be boating, fishing, swimming, tourism, eating, and business. All of these tie into the same thing once again. How much money can we use to clean this up to how much will we economically benefit from doing so? The people that inhabit this area work hard, and pay taxes because of one thing. They work here and love it here. If we can’t clean these waters up for the public good and the public safety than what are we doing? Public Health is what we should strive for so children, men, and women don’t have to worry about being poisoned by contaminants, or being worried about getting sick. It affects business to companies who need the waters to make money if beaches are closed, as well as people spending money on boating, fishing, tourism, and the restaurant chain. Public Safety needs to be maintained no matter how much it costs. Right now, we have wildlife dying like fish and animals, we have people getting sick, and water being heavily contaminated that of which we drink. We live in this area where we are blessed to have it and taking it for granted will result in us losing it if we don’t protect it and act sufficiently. We need to limit littering and impose higher fines for doing so, fine companies big money for their emissions of polluted air, and most of all make sure the Non-Source pollutants do not enter these waters. Companies who use pesticides and fertilizers need to be tracked accordingly and hard and kept track of, especially where they are getting rid of their wastes and not disposing of it in the water of which hydrates our lives. Public Safety should be our number one priority, and it is up to us to make the difference. (July, 2012 Kiertzner Jim) Two employees cleaning off the beach of a huge Oil Spill www. denvergov. org www. great-lakes. net www. jsonline. com

The Effects of Ph and Concentration Levels on Catecholase free essay sample

Abstract This lab was performed in order to discover the activity of the enzyme catecholase in different pH levels as well as its absorbance in differently concentrated solutions. A spetrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of the enzyme catecholase in different pH solutions as well as to measure the absorbance of catecholase in solutions with different concentrations of potato juice and phosphate buffers. Absorbance of the enzyme catecholase was at an optimum level when pH was close to neutral. When pH was acidic or basic, the catecholase was less effective. Also, when there was a higher concentration of potato juice and a lower concentration of phosphate buffer, absorbance of the enzyme increased. Introduction According to Edmund J. Stellwag, in his article  Enzyme an enzyme is â€Å"a catalytic protein produced by living cells. † Enzymes function as catalysts by lowering the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. â€Å"Enzymes already have a wide range of applications, including chemical synthesis, biodegradation of harmful chemicals, environmental and medical diagnostics, medical therapeutics, food manufacturing, detergents, and agriculture† (Kuchner). We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Ph and Concentration Levels on Catecholase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because enzymes are biological molecules, changes in pH can greatly change their effectivity in chemical reactions. A change in the concentration of enzymes in a given area can also greatly affect the rate of reaction. The purpose of this lab was to observe and to record the activity of the enzyme catecholase in different pH levels as well as its effectivity in different concentration levels. Hypothesis A: If pH level increases (becomes more basic), then absorbance of the enzyme catecholase will increase. Null Hypothesis A: If pH levels increase, then absorbance of the enzyme catecholase will decrease. Hypothesis B: If the concentration of potato juice in an area increases and phosphate buffer decreases, then absorbance will increase. Null Hypothesis B: If the concentration of phosphate buffer in an area increases and potato juice decreases, then absorbance will increase. Materials and Methods Exercise A:Laboratory number two was used as a reference for using the spectrophotometer. The wavelength of the spectrophotometer was set to 420 nm. Five test tube blanks were prepared, each containing 9mL of a different pH buffer, 1mL of potato juice, and 1mL of water. http://www.accessscience.com

Is your social media hurting your job hunt

Is your social media hurting your job hunt If you were asked to describe your college experience at a job interview, you wouldn’t tell the hiring manager you lived for the weekends and were pretty much known as a party animal on campus, would you? Of course not- just like you know better than to put your contact email on your resume under the alias Baccardimami18. But if you’ve been posting pics from that wild night you had last weekend on your public-facing social media, you might be giving potential employers the wrong impression anyway. Everything is on the recordMillennials who grew up with social media have been creating a long record of life events. But as this generation enters the workforce, they are facing a new issue their predecessors never had to deal with. People may have access to every juvenile thought you ever put out into the world, from the age of 13 on. If you have ever made an unsavory comment online or posted a risquà © pic of yourself, your future employers can someday find it and see it a s a red flag.Most of the time we think of social media as an extension of our social lives. From the amazing view of a hike you took, to telling the world you got engaged, you share an aspect of yourself with your friends and maybe reach beyond to friends of friends. But before you post that next evening out, keep in mind that social media is increasingly being used by employers in job searches and even to keep tabs on current employees. Organizations not only use social media for targeted advertising, but also as a way to weed out job candidates from their pool of applicants. If you’re taking too many drunken party pics, you may be starting off on the wrong foot with potential employers.Be your own watchdog (and cheerleader)So what can you do now?First, Google yourself. Often. It’s a good idea to be aware of your internet presence and what information is available to the public. What is the sense that someone gets just by reading your tweets or following your Instagra m feed? Are you sharing your passion? Writing angry rants? Is the internet displaying your best or your worst?Your online presence is a reflection of you- even if it only shows a small part of who you are as a whole. Sometimes it can help to show your qualifications, your media savviness, and even your interest in a certain company where you’re seeking employment. These are positive things employers could find while doing background checks. But if you have an online presence full of red flags, you can’t really scrub the internet.Instead, start building up those positives. Next time you post, remember you may be speaking to a wider audience than just close friends. And while you can’t scrub the internet of every bad thing you ever did, you can start to improve your posting habits and create a stellar view of yourself to the world. If the wrong material shows on page one of Google, develop a professional personal website to try to push those bad results down the p age.Next step: make sure your communications and information you provide a prospective employer match. The ease of the internet makes fact-checking much easier and padding your resume too much becomes riskier. Win any awards lately? It’s probably verifiable online.Don’t live your whole life onlineLastly, are you posting too much? Too little? If you’re obsessed with social media and post too often, this can also be a red flag. Try to unplug once in a while. But the opposite can also be a problem. What if you’re not on social media at all, or hate those LinkedIn invites so much you never built a profile? Maybe a hiring manager won’t see any embarrassing college moments, but not having any information about you may be hurting you too. If employers are using sites to screen candidates, you may just be weeded out automatically if there’s nothing about you on the web.The solution is to control what other people see of you: craft a professional, hi gh-Google-rank web presence that puts your best foot forward. The impression you make to employers doesn’t just happen at the interview. Whether or not you’re on the job market, think before you link, comment, tweet, or post.

Asda and Tesco - Restructuring to reflect multichannel markets Assignment - 1

Asda and Tesco - Restructuring to reflect multichannel markets - Assignment Example The retailer’s differentiation in terms of pricing for goods like groceries is very close to each other which at time may prove to be successful in the economy of scale. However, the brands in such oligopoly have to devise and introspect to analyze new strategies to stay competent and build the sustainability factor among their offerings. Thus the competence in terms of product knowledge and consumer’s awareness has also increased the post purchase services along with long term value addition a strong product strategy. The consumer’s buying decision making skills along with the seller’s knowledge about products utility and likewise information provides the base for development of distinctive market growth facilities. Nevertheless, the recommendation to be competent at all times needs a constant monitoring of competitors strategies along with consumer’s feedback generation making the process more suitable and at par with the current time. The strategic application of channel sales and use of E-commerce has to have a specialized outlook for both the brands to upkeep the market share and grow from thereon. The retail business is evolving at a very swift pace where the brands are devising new techniques to adapt with the contemporary business environments and adopting management practices. The assignment here would critically evaluate the way the retailers of the UK like ASDA and Tesco are reacting to the changing marketing channels and the ways they are strategising the multichannel sales, and the internal processes modifications those the brands have undertaken to attract consumers and give the best value for money, in regards to the consumers perception of the brand. In this process, the brands and its offerings are being designed to suit the needs and wants of the consumers. Therefore, the use of Online buying and delivery is the next generation sales and distribution aspect that

Apple Being Engaged in Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Apple Being Engaged in Design - Essay Example †¢ Is world renowned for its pioneering efforts in personal electronic communications devices and systems Apple or "the company" is engaged in design, development and marketing of personal computers, media devices, and portable digital music players. The company also sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. The company's portfolio of offerings comprises Macintosh (Mac) computing systems, iPods line of portable digital music and video players, iPhone handsets and iPad portable multimedia and computing devices. The company primarily operates in the US. It is headquartered in Cupertino, California and employs 46,600 employees. (Datamonitor 2011) Slide 3 Industry Analysis Macro-environment Analysis †¢ Political issues o Stigma of big business (SEC scandal) o Tighter policies imposed by gov’t o Different policies by different gov’ts †¢ Economic issues o Global economic crisis o Strong emerging economies Slide 4 Industry Analysis Macro-environment Analysis †¢ Social issues o Growth of social networking o Connectivity push by many countries †¢ Technological issues o International Protection of IPR o Continuous R&D Slide 5 Industry Analysis Macro-environment Analysis †¢ Legal issues o Pursuit of litigation for IPR globally o Dangers of faulty product design †¢ Environmental issues ... Fujitsu, Samsung Electronics, Sony and Toshiba, among others.The company is currently focused on market opportunities related to mobile communication devices including the iPhone.The mobile communications industry is highly competitive with several large, well-funded and experienced competitors. The launch of iPhone spiked the demand for smartphone with touch functionality and other innovative features. This made several players in the mobile phone market, such as Nokia, HTC, RIM, Palm, Samsung and LG Electronics, launch their respective smartphone devices in the market creating significant competition. Unique vision (primarily by Steve Jobs) Apple has been usually viewed along with its charismatic and visionary founder, Mr. Jobs who has always been instrumental in managing the growth of the company and leading it to its current size. Network of interrelated support services (i.e., the APP store) bundled with peripherals Mobile apps are one of the most important factors in driving sa les of smartphones. Apple is the strongest player in the mobile apps market, with approximately 350,000 apps. Its closest competitor, the Android market has 250,000 apps, while Blackberry and Windows Phone 7 has 20,000 and 9,000 apps respectively. The mobile app market is expected to exceed $9 billion by 2014. With its innovative products such as iPhone and iPad, Apple is in a position to increase its share in the growing smartphone and tablet market. Strong horizontal and vertical integration ‘Plug-and-play’ solutions Slide 9 SWOT Analysis (Datamonitor, 2011) Strengths Powerful brand image According to industry sources, Apple is the fourth largest player in the global mobile phone market. The company holds a market share of approximately 5% and trails Nokia, Samsung and LG Electronics,

TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL AND TRAINING IN SOMALIA

TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL AND TRAINING IN SOMALIA TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) IN SOMALIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Somalia is one of the poorest countries in the world, a situation aggravated by the civil war and the absence of a functioning national government for over a decade. The impact of state failure on human development in Somalia has been profound, resulting in the collapse of political institutions, the destruction of social and economic infrastructure, and massive internal and external migrations. This is more pronounced in Central South Somalia where intermittent conflicts continue to destroy what has been left. In the more peaceful semi-autonomous regions of Puntland and Somaliland, notable progress has been registered in public sector growth, albeit slowly. Even in these regions, the public sector has very limited capacity to create employment opportunities for its own citizens. Providing employable skills is one of the alternatives assessed to have potential to create employment opportunities for the youth. The level of economic development notwithstanding, partner governments in Puntland, Somaliland and Central South Somalia need to formulate and execute appropriate systems and policies that can effectively guide and facilitate the growth of the private sector within agreed national development priorities. Still, in spite of the efforts of the international community, weak coordination and fragmented implementation of actions has not supported the effective growth of the TVET sector. The choice of skills training is not always guided by the needs of the market but by need to ‘address all needs by projects whose scope is too small to warrant such undertakings. Puntland, Somaliland and Central south Somalia do not have standardized curriculum or syllabi for TVET. There is also no standardized system for TVET assessment, examination and certification. The only standardized curriculum available but not being used in most of the TVET centres is the UNESCO PEER developed curriculum[1]. It is imperative that this is considered in any future intervention. Implementation of education programs in Somalia is coordinated through the Education Sector Committee (ESC), yet there are many partners with sub-programs falling under this sector but subsumed under a different thematic area. In such situations, the TVET does not receive appropriate technical direction for its success. The survey involved conducting a skills training market and opportunities study in respect of the vocational training leading to livelihoods opportunities of the unemployed youths in Somalia. The survey was expected to provide a situational analysis on skills development by focusing on opportunities and institutional arrangements for skills development taking cognizance of the specific characteristics of the three different zones of Somaliland, Puntland and South Central Somalia. The study would come up with recommendations on appropriate skills development to provide the target and guidelines on implementation framework of the skills development strategy. Data was gathered using secondary sources, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observation. Excerpts of interviews with stakeholders by the first consultant were reviewed and relevant inferences made. The survey found that skills market in Puntland, Somaliland and some regions of South Somalia has potential owing to private sector growth, the high demand for specific skills, among other factors. The skills in high demand include electrical works, tailoring/dressmaking, solar PVC technology, plumbing, shampoo/soap making, masonry, metal work, shoe making, fabric design (tie/dye, printing, batik, and embroidery), secretarial, management and ICT. Poverty, insecurity, low expectations and an overall environment characterized by market imperfections limit skills development and will be critical challenges during project implementation. Based on the findings, the survey recommends the following: 1. Financial support to partners and institutions implementing vocational training activities should demand a proportionate financial contribution from the partner government or institutions. This could take either or all of the following forms: cost recovery through charging user fees; government part funding to the VTCs or public-private-partnership. 2. Capacity strengthening of MOEs structures to execute a policy framework which will guide the quality implementation of vocational training by public and private institutions. 3. Given the nascent/formation level of the management structures of respective vocational training centers, it is critically important to train and build the functional capacity of these institutions on the vocational skills training concept and Employment Promotion so that they can be stronger in their role of designing and implementation of literacy and vocational training in skills with economic and social relevance to the community. 4. Orientation of the vocational training teachers on adult education pedagogy/methodologies. Even if they have been found qualified during recruitment, orientation is critically important for consensus and solidifying their understanding on vocational and livelihoods skills training objectives and expectations as well as the different stages in the learning process. 5. UNESCO needs to re/design modular training process entailing the following three areas: (i) Basic functional literacy and numeracy skills. (ii) Vocational and Livelihoods skills in identified trade areas. Cross cutting issues such as HIV and FGM needs to be gradually worked into this module. (iii) Simple business management or entrepreneurship skills on identifying and evaluating a viable business idea, market effect on skills demand, getting started and basic management and book keeping, and customer care principles. Continuous efforts should be made to bear in mind that livelihood and skill training is a process and not an episodic event. 6. Given the landscape of insecurity and the concomitantly heavy investment in security, it is advisable to link vocational training with peace and reconstruction efforts. The example of Kosovo Enterprise Programme (KEP) in the collapsed USSR can be a learning model. The model is simple and workable in any society under reconstruction. 7. In order to enhance the marketability and relevance of the skills, it is critical to support a research and marketing development unit that regularly undertakes local Economic Development and Skills Market survey for consideration by VTCs in reviewing vocational skills curriculum. The training approach adopted should be one that links center-based vocational training and apprenticeships in which those being trained can undertake practical work with the local business/merchant community for purposes of applying the knowledge acquired and getting exposed in starting their own enterprises. The capacity of the master craftsmen to whom the trainees will be attached will have to be improved through training and induction on areas of practical emphasis. 8. Address the poverty barrier that hinder access to vocational skills training by implementing competency/performance based bursary schemes for the trainees. Existing schemes pay the cost of training based on duration required to complete the training. It is a fact that not all are competent enough to produce quality products after completing. A high premium needs to be pegged on performance for both the trainee and the master trainer. 9. Within a wider consultation under the principle of Sector Wide Approach, rethink the incentive structure for trainers at vocational training centers so as to attract and retain qualified trainers. 10. Creating synergy with other vocational training programs implemented or being implemented by other donors (STEO, VETAPE etc) in the same regions will strengthen the sector growth by avoiding wasteful duplication of efforts. This should be greatly achieved through the organisational platform of Somali Support Secretariat/Education Sector Committee and other coordination mechanisms in Puntland, Somaliland and Central South Somalia. 1 INTRODUCTION Susceptibility of Communities to adverse effects of poverty is largely contributed by lack of appropriate skills to engage in efficient and diversified income generation production systems. In Somalia, unemployment creation is slow and inadequate to absorb the high number of youth looking for employment opportunities. Livelihood skills that include technical and vocational abilities impart the community with capabilities, resources and opportunities for pursuing individual and household economic goals. Where this is lacking, poverty and insecurity rise by almost equal proportion. Weak institutional structures limit the provision of skills causing individuals ability to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life to be adversely affected. The political and social turmoil in Somalia provides many challenges for young people, which could be potentially alleviated by providing them with opportunities to acquire appropriate employable skills. Consequently, UNESCO is supporting the development of a systematic, coordinated, needs-based and institutionalised provision of vocational, technical and livelihoods skills approach in Somalia. By working with the local administrations, partners and institutions to set systems and standards for skills development, UNESCO aims at strengthening vocational, technical and livelihoods skills for development and participation of young people. One of the major problems UNESCO will be addressing is the need to increase opportunities for employment and participation in income generation activities for the youth. As verified from different studies and reports, the youths are deficient in employable skills and have limited opportunities to develop themselves in the current situation. In the last 7 years, there has been increased attention by the international community to the revitalisation of the TVET sector. Unfortunately, the capacity of the Ministry of Education to coordinate and monitor the implementation of the TVET is weak raising serious questions on quality and sustainability. The result has been training that is neither linked to the market nor designed with adequate consideration of the capacity of the trainees to uptake and practice the skills effectively. 1.1 BACKGROUND With a population of 7.7 million in 2006[2], and an income per capita estimated in 2002 to be $226 (compared to $515 in Sub-Saharan Africa), Somalia is one of the poorest countries in the world. The UNDPs Human Development Index ranked Somalia 161 out of 163 countries in 2001. Extreme poverty (less than $1 PPP) is estimated at 43 percent. It is 10 percentage points higher for rural and nomadic populations. General poverty (less than $2 PPP) afflicts 73 percent of households, but reaches 80 percent in rural and nomadic populations. Income inequality is significant with the poorest 10 percent of the population receiving only 1.5 percent of total income. The civil conflict, continuing insecurity in many parts of the country, and poor access to services and infrastructure have made conditions worse than they were before the civil war. Absent or weak administrative structures provide minimal interference with trade or private sector activities. As a consequence, the private sector has flourished, trading with neighbouring and Asian countries, processing agricultural products and manufacturing on a small scale, and providing services previously monopolized or dominated by the public sector. There has been significant (but unmeasured) private investment in commercial ventures, including in trade and marketing, money transfer services, transport, communications, airlines, telecommunications, construction and hotels, education and health, and fishery equipment, largely funded by the large remittances from the Diaspora. The World Bank Country brief for Somalia (2009) assesses that remittances, amounting to about $1 billion per year, have partially offset a larger drop in per capita output for Somalia. However, persistent insecurity threatens further growth of the private sector and the absence of provision of key public goods is hurting both rural and urban households and the private sector. The macro-economic situation offers opportunities as well as challenges in the promotion of vocational and livelihoods skills. The thriving private sector, offers varied opportunities for skills to drive the growth of the different enterprises. Some of the skills are not readily available in Somalia and are frequently sourced from Diaspora or neighbouring countries, the main reason being that there are not adequate Vocational Training Institutions that offer quality trainings to meet the skills demand of the local market. On the other hand, the weak administrations have resulted to growth of the private sector, including the vocational training under a policy vacuum. Even where it exists in Somaliland, enforcement is weak leading to major challenges on quality control. In an environment where the private sector is far ahead of the regulatory functions of the government, it would be more prudent to pursue the dual track of strengthening the governments capacity to implement policy guidelines alongside capacity development of the private vocational training institutions and organisations to implement demand driven quality skills training and self regulate. Male and female Gross Enrolment Rates was estimated by UNICEF to be 37 percent and 25 percent respectively in 2006/2007 school year[3]. Since 2000, the number of children enrolled in grades 1-8 has increased roughly by 300%, from an estimated 150,000 to over 467,780[4]. There is a very high disparity between male and female learners, administrative regions, and various social and economic groups. Secondary enrolment rates are even lower, estimated by UNESCO[5] to stand at only 6%. Those joining Institutional Based Vocational Training are even lower as the facilities only exist in major cities of Puntland, Somaliland and Central South Somalia. Even where they exist, their capacity to absorb the growing number of school dropouts and those who complete grade 8 and form 4 for vocational training is limited. It is estimated that about 65.5% of the urban youth are unemployed. The figure is lower among the rural and nomadic communities where it is estimated to be 40.7%[6]. This is expected, bearing in mind that in rural areas, over 75% of the communities is estimated to be employed within the agricultural and livestock sector- their main source of livelihoods. Overreliance on traditional farming systems coupled with extreme weather conditions have been highlighted as major causes of poverty in the rural areas. A feasibility study conducted by the EC in June 2004 in Puntland and Somaliland revealed that there was a very high rate of unemployment among young adults, and in turn resulted to vulnerable livelihoods and widespread poverty of the target groups. The situation is worse in Central-South Somalia where the civil war destroyed the entire economic and social infrastructure resulting in missed opportunities, disruption of the social order, poverty and vulnerability. Based on available policy papers, strategies and study reports available in the three different regions major problems identified on access to TVET include: threat to traditional livelihoods sources, Structural constraints on job creation, limited availability of people with employable skills and basic education and, high population of disadvantaged people. Among the strategies suggested to address these problems include: provision of financial resources to strengthen TVET framework; Institutional and organisational development for sustainability of TVET, raising quality levels and relevance of skills to increase employability; policy dialogue with partners; Increase and optimise capacity through better management and utilisation of facilities; increased provision and retention of qualified trainers and the implementation of employment promotion to improve rural livelihoods. Financial support towards development of TVET sector by EC, Italian Cooperation, UNDP and other international development partners have resulted to enhanced institutional framework for implementation of vocational training. In particular, capacity has been developed in the ministries of Education in Puntland and Somaliland resulting to the establishment of TVET units, administered under the NFE department headed by a Director. TVET policy developed under the EC funded PETT project has already been approved and adopted by MOE, Somaliland. In Puntland, the draft policy developed under the same project has not been finalised for adoption by the council of ministers and parliament. However, attributes of it are well captured in the Puntland Education Policy Paper (PEPP), 2007. Personnel working in Vocational Training Institutions have benefited from capacity building programs implemented under the PETT and STEO projects funded by EC and UNESCO support. The vocational training centers in Kismayo, Mogadisho, Berbera, Burao, Hargeisa, Galkaio, Garowe and Bosaso have received support in the form of equipment. The Kuwait government contributed equipment towards Garowe Technical and Vocational Training center. However, due to low pay, the institutions have not been able to retain all the trained personnel. However, as captured by End of Project evaluation[7] report of PETT (Promotion of Employment Through Training) project, there are many gaps that the current grants are not able to completely address owing to the large number of people who need the skills. The vocational training manuals developed by UNESCO for 11 crafts and trade skills covering levels 3 2 are the only coherent manuals that exist. The manuals have been good references materials for vocational training programs implemented from different funding sources in Somalia. Several studies undertaken by international development partners indicate that the vast majority of the 14-20 year age group is out of school and with very limited access to education and skills training. Among the urban, rural and pastoral families, lack of employment and poverty are consistently ranked the most common problems and potentially the most common causes of other social problems. The institutional framework for implementing TVET in all the three zones (Puntland, Somaliland and South Central Somalia) is weak and currently not able to offer technical support that would guarantee quality control, registration and certification of all the institutions providing vocational training. The situation in south central Somalia is different; Coverage of Ministry of Education as an implementing partner is limited to small pockets of Mogadisho; No recognizable central authority for liaison purposes; Widespread destruction of facilities which could create demand for more capital especially for institutional based intervention (IBTVET); fluid security situation pitting the armed groups against the Transitional Federal Government and threatening to result to full blown conflict. The Technical, vocational and livelihood skills development envisaged by UNESCO is in tandem with the Rehabilitation and Development priorities for Somalia that can partly be pursued through supporting sustainable livelihoods improvement via provision of employable skills to the youth. Currently the majority of the youth have limited knowledge and skills to enhance their employability (self or paid) and productivity. It is recognized that chances of gainful employment are enhanced by acquisition of employable skills. The Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Somalia is very limited due to lack of adequate infrastructure and systems to implement the activities falling under the sector. Trainings are provided by private vocational training centers and the few public training centers funded by the international community. As institutionalised training is limited, most trainees acquire their skills through apprentice training. In effect the quality of skills acquired is dependent on the capacity of the trainee and the quality of the trainers/craftsmen to provide training. TVET needs to be expanded in order to produce skilled artisans and middle level technicians who will eventually strengthen the Somali economy, which can then increasingly rely on their own domestic workforce. Consequently, the MoEs need support in order to expand their capacities by strengthening the TVET framework. The increased efforts by the international community to provide improved technology (eg motorised water pumps, grain milling machines, tractor hire, and improved livestock management systems) are intended to raise productivity and value addition to cushion peoples livelihood activities from the effects of extreme weather patterns. Due to limited technical skills, the uptake and sustainability of this technology has been discouraging. The low unemployment in the rural areas by itself is deceiving as there is plenty of disguised unemployment. Many implementing partners (IPs) have activities under the broad category of livelihoods development. These entail beekeeping, tailoring and dressmaking, soap making, sesame oil extraction and flour milling. By funding livelihood activities, Implementing partners plan to graduate the communities from emergency to development status. But despite the increased programming around the livelihoods development activities, beneficiaries are not being lin ked to vocational training institutions to acquire the relevant skills; in other regions, skills training opportunities are completely lacking. Evaluation reports of many of these interventions present a very grim picture of the sustainability of provided technologies. The primary objective in providing the technologies was to increase productivity that was to result to increased income and employment opportunities for the many unemployed youth in the urban and rural areas. As poverty and unemployment are the major drivers of conflict in Somalia, employment creation for the youth is not only a social and economic necessity but also a political imperative. The study is based on the information needs by UNESCO to guide in planning interventions in TVET and livelihoods Skills Development in Somalia. The study aims at analysing the status of Technical Vocational Education and livelihood skills Development (TVELSD) in Somalia to map out current interventions and gaps in the sector. It also aims to assess the policy and resource capacity of the respective MOEs to implement a sustainable TVET. The survey is reviewed against the existing policies by the government in the respective regions. The broad national development study in Somalia is well documented in the Joint Needs Assessment (JNA) report and the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) report. A previous survey undertaken by UNESCO PEER[8] in 2002 revealed that a number of the institutions providing TVET lacked proper management structures, standardised curriculum and assessment system. Additionally, they lacked adequate equipment, teaching and learning materials, and qualified and motivated personnel. A countrywide market feasibility study conducted by European Commission[9] in 2004 re-confirmed this state of affairs by citing the following constraints in the TVET sub-sector. * Weaknesses in the management of TVET activities; * Difficulties of quality assurance for TVET, especially limited availability of course syllabi and lack of qualified technical trainers; * Limited number of standardized TVET courses; * Lack of standardized assessment and certification services; * Urban bias of TVET opportunities and limited benefits to rural communities; * Difficulties of sustaining TVET interventions; * Lack of strategic planning for TVET by local authorities; * Limited capacity of local authorities to manage TVET Prior to the civil war that culminated in the collapse of the government in 1991, Somalia had functioning technical and vocational institutions in Mogadishu, Kismayu, Burao and Hargeisa that specialized in a range of technical courses and traditional trades at craft and artisan levels. Youth joined these institutions to acquire specialized skills that in turn enabled them to join the employment sector, either as employees or self employed persons. Most of these institutions were however destroyed or run down during the long period of civil. Consequently, these events resulted to high drop out of youth from schools to add to the number of unskilled youth that existed even before the civil war. With limited skills and no functioning education system, the youth had limited livelihood options. In apparent response to the demand for education and vocational skills training, the international community through UN, INGOs, LNGOs have supported the rehabilitation and or construction of vocational training centers in major towns of Somaliland (Hargeisa, Berbera and Burao), Puntland (Bosaso, Garowe, Gardo and Galkaio) and Central South Somalia (Mogadishu, Merka, Baidoa). Most of the functioning institutions are owned by local Institutions and governments through the support of the International Community. Several skills provided in these institutions include: garment making, soap making, tie and dye, carpentry, computer technology, masonry, electrical installation, plumbing and metal fabrication. UNESCO PEER through Technical and Vocational Education projects funded by the Italian Government initiated several interventions to revitalize technical and vocational education in Somalia at the grassroots level. Some of those interventions include: development of curricula/syllabi in selected marketable and demand driven trade areas, training of instructors and center managers, provision of course materials and textbooks to vocational training centres and initiation of standardized assessment and certification. This study commissioned by UNESCO PEER draws lessons from past and current activities on TVET in Somalia. 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY According to the TOR, the study will identify dimensions of technical and vocational education training (TVET): Skills Development and issues of economic relevance, social relevance, and management models effectiveness. Based on this; make recommendations for increased and improved TVET delivery in Somalia. The anticipated results of the study will be as follows: 1 Analysis of the organization and structure of TVET, public and private, formal and non-formal, by levels and management structures, including objectives, strategies and results, as well as the regulatory framework for private TVET 2 Identification of the main issues and problems in TVET delivery in terms of relevance to economic and market requirements, access to training, quality of training, and efficiency in the delivery processes. 3 Analysis of government TVET management and delivery. 4 Recommendations on improving the relevance, equity, quality, efficiency and management of TVET 1.3 SCOPE OF WORK The study was planned to cover the whole of Somalia but due to insecurity in the Central South Somalia, the Consultant limited his visits to Puntland and Somaliland- the two semi-autonomous regions of Somalia. The survey covered the Non Formal, technical and vocational Education sub-sector targeting the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS), Refugees, Returnees, pastoral communities and ex militia as study groups. The study involved undertaking socio-economic and prefeasibility investigation of vocational and livelihoods skills training in Somaliland, Puntland and Central South Somalia. Unfortunately, field visits to south central was not undertaken due to insecurity. 1.4 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY i. Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in conflict and post conflict areas is a critical component of the socio-economic development of target communities. It has been assessed that acquisition of livelihood skills results in enhancing communities ability in battling poverty and social exclusion in favour of self-employment. By spreading know-how, it inspires innovation and works to curb unemployment, especially among marginalized population in conflict and post-conflict countries. ii. It will act as a catalyst for streamlining the TVET sector in Somalia by providing information which will better inform policy makers and service providers and facilitate TVET programme development. iii. It will contribute to better coordination and implementation among stakeholders. 1.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY Following initial meetings with the Head of UNESCO PEER in Somalia, it was agreed that the study would review the initial study report, assess information gaps not addressed by the submitted report and use a combination of methods to collect information necessary in re-drafting the report. The study thus reviewed available information on TVET projects that included the PETT and STEO, relevant TVET-related surveys, project evaluations reports and best practices undertaken elsewhere in the world. There was a feasibility Survey done by EC[10] in June 2008 covering Puntland and Somaliland and the report was extensively used as a key source of information for this study especially in the general overview of livelihoods and vocational training situation in Somaliland and Puntland. However, from the gaps identified from the direct interviews with stakeholders in Somaliland and Puntland and to validate some of the information contained in the report and documents reviewed, questionnaires were designed to elicit information from the some of the VTC where much of the information gaps existed. The data collection was undertaken by consultant assisted by field based UNESCO staff. The methodologies adopted in redrafting the report included: i. collection of data from the submitted report, ii. stakeholders consultations and interviews, iii. Review of literature available, and iv. internet research, The methodology and approach used in generating data for the first report included: i. Discussions with different TVET stakeholders, NGOs, UN agencies, institutional managers and trainees to understand implementation of TVET; ii. Focused group discussions with the Somali Ministries of Education officials at various levels and other stakeholders to establish policy aspects of Non Formal and Technical and Vocational Education; iii. Site visits to observe institutional facilities; iv. Document review of UNESCO PEER reports and syllabuses and reports of other agencies hard copies and online including UNESCO Website to gain insight into technical and vocational education; v. Structured questionnaire used to access baseline data on institutions offering technical and vocational training; vi. An assessment of the job market to find out the livelihood skills and skill gaps. The consultant was not able to visit some central south Somalia but was able to interview MOE officials in Puntland, Somaliland and other implementing partners in both locations. Much of the information in compiling this report is derived from the initial field interviews undertaken by the first consultant and enriched by additional literat

Suicide, America’s Hidden Devastation Essay -- Essays Papers

Suicide, America’s Hidden Devastation Suicide is one of the youth’s ways out of their problems, not only in the United States but the world. What does drive teens to suicidal thoughts and actions? What are the ways communities help prevent teenage suicide? Perhaps there are signs can be pointed out that would indicate a problem. In two surveys in 1996, both reported in the Journal of Adolescent Health, both also asked relatively the same questions of the violent actions that some people may see in life’. Surprisingly, the numbers for many of the questions were the same, such as teens who witnessed a shooting first hand; they both were about 37% (Pastore, Fisher, and Friedman 321-2). Using information such as this, one cannot blame the recent rise in teenage suicide with the violent problems of life, but more along the lines of depression caused by multiple things, for instance body image. According to many researchers, alcohol is many times a solution to a teen’s problem with life and the hardships people face in it. Many people in the United States overlook the major problem of teenage suicide; this is a mistake There are many things which can drive a teen to commit suicide some of them are as simple as making fun of the â€Å"fat† kid in class; others can come from the mental images from witnessing a shooting. There are four major issues which contribute to teen suicide such as depression, family problems, risk factors, and teens reactions to there climate. Depression, unfortunately, is one of the biggest factors of today’s teenage suicide problems and some of the reasons for it are from the student’s own peers, â€Å"being depressed is triggered by loss or rejection (Joan 59).† Depression can be f... ...ter than to do so. I know what it is like to loose something that you love so much so that you don’t think you can go on in life. We as a community must somehow set up a better support technique in order to save teens from this devastating misfortune. We can help, it’s just how much effort one is willing to put forth. Works Cited Allen, Janet. End-of-Life Issues. Westport, Connecticut. Greenwood Press, 2002 Garfinkel, Barry and Northrup, Gorden. Absolute Suicide. New York and London. Haworth Press, 1989 Joan, Polly. Preventing Teenage Suicide. New York. Human Sciences Inc., 1986 Orbach, Israel. Children Who Don’t Want to Live. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass Inc., 1988 Pastore, Fisher, and Friedman. â€Å"Violence and Mental Health Problems among Urban High School Students.† Journal of Adolescent Health. New York. Elsevier Science Inc., 1996

A Hotel Restaurant Practicum Report Essay

STRENGHT As an intern i observed some strenghts within Fernandina Hotel, first is that all the staffs are friendly and they will give you the best services they can offer, i can also say that the location is good because there are nearby malls and other business institutions located within the area. Sanitation and cleanliness is well proven in the hotel they are very strict when cleanliness is involved and they train their staffs to become aware of the health of their guests. WEAKNESSES The one thing that can be a weakness of this hotel is that they lack manpower to accomodate their guests, for me this is a big deal as a weakness because this can lead to the downfall of the hotel.The guests will not appreciate the stay if the staffs that will serve them are minimal and cant give them the whole service they want. INTRODUCTION In 1572, Spanish conqueror Juan de Salcedo founded Villa Fernandina in the Philippines and named it after Fernando, the firstborn son of King Felipe II. The Seat of Nueva Segovia bishoporic and capital of the Ilocos Region, the romantic Fernandina boasted of stately Spanish homes where the aristocrats of old savoured the simple yet elegant setting of a classic era. As a tribute to its namesake, the Fernandina 88 Suites at the heart of Araneta Business and shopping center is a masterful blend of contemporary and classical architecture. From the exquisite exterior design of the building to the finest details of each unit, Fernandina 88 boasts of both artistic flair and elegant style. Fernandina 88 suites is designed to suit the tastes of hardworking young professionals and business traveller who appreciate the art of gracious living. This Fernandina 88 suites Owned and Operated by ALCAT Inc. 222 P. Tuazon Boulevard, AranetaCenterCubao Quezon City Philippines 1109. And we are affordable in 1, 2 and 3 bedrooms types of suites. The mission vision of the company is all to the officers and staff of Fernandina 88 suites hotel dedicate ourselves to provide peaceful harmonious  and secure accommodation to our customer clients and guests characterized by quality suites. To this end our aim is to serve our guests in a manner that would exuberate an enthusiasm in service, and the name of the owner of this company is Mr.Joselito Alvarado. and in Fernandina 88 suites we have 3 functions namely 1572 reataurant& ballroom located at 12th floor, the vigan conference hall located at 6th floor, and executive hall located at 2nd floor building. STATUS ANALYSIS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Sir Bench (Officer in Charge) Benjamin Adriatico 1. Raphael Araneta Antero Molave 2. Jonas Robles Ramon Medina (Food Attendant) Ariel Cruz Ben (Steward) (Steward) Yes the employees do their duty and responsibilities well inside the restaurant, also all the employees in morning and night shifts are hardworking and responsible. OPERATION SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES Breakfast buffet starts at 7AM-10:30AM Always serve a coffee and hot tea Last call for the breakfast buffet at 9:30AM Lunch buffet starts at 12-2:30PM Always serve water Last call for the breakfast buffet at 2:00PM All of the employees and trainees are following the everyday procedures and rules and regulations of the hotel. And prove to the guest that we are always happy to serve them and always smile even we are tired. FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT Soup Tureen- is a serving dish for foods such as soups or stews. Ramekin- used for the preparation and serving various food, dishes. Percolator- is a type of pot used to brew coffee by continually cycling the boiling or nearly boiling brew. Consomme- is a type of clear soup that many guest can use. Olstoria- (coffee espresso machine) Coffee Grinder- is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage. All the uncommon equipments are working properly, for me it’s a big deal because if these equipments are gone or is not working properly it will not be easy to serve the guests or we can’t give them the good service they want. MANPOWER SCHEDULING All of the AM shifts are starts from 7AM-3PM while the PM shifts are starts from 3PM-10PM that are the prepared scheduled of the restaurant. Yes it’s very effective because In morning shift i can start from 7AM – 3PM after that I have a lots of time to get rest in house. While the night shift starts from 3PM-10PM WORK ATMOSPHERE For me its yes we can move and serve properly inside the restaurant because there is a big and wide space for the guests. And it’s not difficult to move inside the restaurant, it is design to accommodate many guests at once. USE OF MATERIAL RESOURCES Purchase Order – First we go to purchasing area to get some stocks and after that we need to write from a piece of paper the item that they get. One for the am shift and one for the pm shift are assigned to do the inventory every day and all the stocks are enough every day. And so if ever we need to purchase we can just go to purchasing area to get what we need. SANITATION PROCEDURES 1. We always use solution for whipping the tables. 2. We always do the bass out after the guests are done with the dirty plates. 3. We are always segrate all the utensils like spoon, fork, knife and teaspoon. 4. Wear clean proper and tidy attire when they are at work. 5. Keep their finger nails short and clean. 6. Do not wear accessories or jewelry ask they may drop into the food. 7. Keep hair neat and tidy. CLEANING THE WORKING AREA 1. Dining Area 2. Bar Area 3. Buffet Area